Papilionidae
The Papilios or Swallowtails are a group of large, graceful butterflies. In fact the female of one species, the Princess Alexandra Birdwing of New Guinea, has the largest wingspan of any butterfly. While our local South Australian Swallowtails are not nearly this big, they are among the larger and more spectacular species that are likely to be seen by the butterfly gardener.
The name “Swallowtail” is derived from the long pair of tails some species have protruding from the outer margin of the hindwings, however this feature is absent in all the South Australian members of the group. When alighting on a flower, the adult butterfly will often rapidly beat their wings, which are held high over their back.
The caterpillars of the Swallowtails often have a thickening or “hump” just behind their heads. This can range from being barely noticeable in some species, to quite pronounced in others.
One of the interesting features of the swallowtail butterflies is the ability of their caterpillars to protrude a forked organ called an “osmeterium” from behind their head. These are extruded quickly and tend to be brightly coloured. They concentrate volatile chemicals from the food plants and these are emitted from this organ. It provides a protective function.
Papilionidae butterfly fact sheets
Chequered swallowtail
Papilio demoleus
A migratory butterfly that is common and widespread in the north, but now only an occasional visitor to Adelaide.
Dainty Swallowtail
Papilio anactus
The caterpillars feed on native and introduced Citrus plants including grapefruit, lemon, lime, mandarin and oranges.
